Ethereum completes the final step of the Fusaka upgrade and officially launches the final BPO fork

On Wednesday, Ethereum completed the second and final "Blob Parameters Only (BPO)" fork in this upgrade cycle. This fork not only improved data availability but also demonstrated how the network can roll out smaller-scale updates in phases.
Ethereum's official X account stated: “Compared to waiting for an annual major upgrade to adjust network capacity, the BPO fork allows Ethereum to independently and efficiently fine-tune specific parameters (such as blob target values). This incremental scaling approach enables the network to safely test higher loads step by step.” Blob is a temporary large data block introduced in Ethereum's 2024 Dencun upgrade, mainly used by layer 2 Rollups to record transaction batches to the mainnet at low cost.
These data storage units (full name Binary Large OBjects) are retained for 18 days and then permanently deleted. Among the 13 Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) included in Fusaka, many focus on enhancing Ethereum's data availability layer. The most important is the upgrade to PeerDAS, allowing nodes to verify blob data by validating smaller data samples.
Additionally, a BPO mechanism has been introduced to gradually expand the upper limit of blob quantities. The first BPO fork was activated on December 9 (about a week after Fusaka went live), increasing the target blob count per block from 6 to 10, and the maximum limit from 9 to 15. The upgrade on Wednesday further increased the target value to 14 and the maximum limit to 21.