## Ethereum Breakthrough Imminent: The Long-Awaited "Impossible Triangle" Dilemma Begins to Shine

A long-standing challenge in the blockchain industry is the "Impossible Triangle"—simply put, achieving decentralization, security, and high throughput simultaneously is difficult. Historically, each public chain has had to sacrifice decentralization for speed or compromise performance for security, failing to find a perfect balance.

But the situation is changing. Recent statements by Vitalik Buterin indicate that Ethereum is approaching a practical solution to this long-standing problem. The core weapons are two key technological upgrades: **PeerDAS** and **ZK-EVM**.

## Dual Engines Driving Change: How PeerDAS and ZK-EVM Rewrite the Rules

**PeerDAS** went live on the mainnet in 2025, addressing data availability issues. In simple terms, it allows verification nodes in the network not to store the entire dataset but to distribute storage through sharding, significantly lowering the barrier to node operation and thereby increasing decentralization.

**ZK-EVM** is expected to begin small-scale deployment in 2026, representing the application of zero-knowledge proof technology at the execution layer. It can ensure the correctness of computations while greatly increasing transaction processing speed, making it a key to scalability.

What does the combination of these two upgrades mean? Ethereum is evolving from a system where "you can't have your cake and eat it too" into a truly balanced new decentralized network that addresses all three major factors.

## Phased Implementation: A Clear Roadmap for the Coming Years

Vitalik's plan is quite specific. Moving forward, Ethereum will gradually advance through the following measures:

- **Increasing gas limits**—directly boosting transaction capacity per unit time
- **Adjusting state structures**—optimizing storage efficiency and lightening verification processes
- **Introducing ZK-EVM-based verification methods**—gradual upgrades to reduce risks

This is not an empty promise but a technical roadmap built on existing codebases. Notably, Ethereum has spent nearly 10 years addressing data availability and scalability issues, and this vision is now gradually coming to fruition.

## Why This Matters

Solving the Impossible Triangle means Ethereum is poised to become a "secure, fast, and truly decentralized" infrastructure. This represents a qualitative leap for the entire ecosystem—attracting institutions with high security demands, supporting applications requiring high-speed transactions, and maintaining openness so anyone can run a node. In short, Ethereum is evolving toward a genuine "public infrastructure" for all.