## Ethereum's Scalability Breakthrough: The Dawn of the Danksharding Era

The scalability bottleneck faced by Ethereum has always been a core challenge restricting its large-scale application. With the advancement of the Cancun-Deneb upgrade, Proto-Danksharding has emerged as a key transitional solution towards complete Danksharding. This technological innovation is reshaping the economic foundations of the Layer-2 ecosystem.

## Talking about Blob Transactions: The Revolution of Data Storage

The core innovation of Proto-Danksharding lies in the introduction of a completely new data processing paradigm. Traditionally, Ethereum transaction data is permanently recorded in the virtual machine state, which means high storage costs. However, Blob (Binary Large Object) transactions break this pattern—they no longer need to be permanently stored but are temporarily held at the consensus layer, with a capacity of up to 125KB.

This design has a revolutionary impact on the Rollup ecosystem. In the past, Rollups had to write a large amount of transaction data to the Ethereum main chain to ensure data availability, which was the main reason for the high Layer-2 transaction fees. The emergence of Blob transactions directly reduced this cost, allowing both users and developers to experience a significant decrease in Gas fees.

## KZG Polynomial Commitment: The Magic Hidden Behind the Technology

The technical foundation supporting Blob transactions is the KZG commitment scheme (proposed by Kate, Zaverucha, and Goldberg). This cryptographic tool allows verifiers to confirm the integrity and authenticity of data without fully reading its contents. In other words, the Ethereum network can verify the correctness of the data while maintaining its compactness—this efficiency improvement is crucial for large-scale transaction processing.

## Actual Impact: Cost Restructuring of the Rollup Ecosystem

Before the implementation of Proto-Danksharding, users trading on Layer-2 platforms like Arbitrum and Optimism still had to bear significant Gas cost pressure. The introduction of EIP 4844 changed this situation—the cost model for Blob data is independent of smart contract execution costs, allowing Rollups to complete data storage at a lower price, ultimately enabling users to enjoy a truly cheap trading experience.

## Danksharding: Long-term Vision and Recent Implementation

Proto-Danksharding is not the endpoint, but a milestone pointing towards complete Danksharding. Complete Danksharding will further decentralize data storage responsibilities, allowing more validators to participate in the maintenance of Blob data, thereby achieving Ethereum's ultimate scalability goal.

The current Proto-Danksharding (encoded into the Cancun upgrade through EIP 4844) has already provided tangible improvements. It alleviates the data cost pressures of Rollups while reserving a technical foundation for greater scalability for the entire ecosystem. For users pursuing efficiency and low costs, this upgrade signifies a new stage in Ethereum's development.

## Summary

Proto-Danksharding represents a significant breakthrough in Ethereum's scalability. By utilizing blob transactions and KZG commitment technology, this solution addresses current cost issues while paving the way for the ultimate realization of Danksharding. For the Layer-2 ecosystem and regular users, the launch of the Cancun-Deneb upgrade signifies that a more efficient and economical era of Ethereum is on the horizon.